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Les verbes irréguliers Anglais


Lorsque l'on apprend les verbes irréguliers en Anglais, on a généralement 3 colonnes :

Infinitif,Prétérit, Participe passé

Exemple :

Infinitif Prétérit Participe passé
to eat ate eaten

 

L'infinitif

L'infinitif est une forme non conjuguées d'un verbe.

Exemple : Manger

 

Le prétérit

En Anglais, le prétérit  que l’on appelle aussi past ou simple past (passé simple), est un des deux temps passé les plus utilisés en anglais.

Il remplace le passé composé, l'imparfait et le passé simple.

Le prétérit est utilisé principalement pour décrire une action clairement passée et terminée.

Il y a souvent une date ou un marqueur de temps comme « yesterday » ou « last week » etc.

 

Pour les verbes réguliers, le prétérit se forme en ajoutant -ED au verbe.

  • I played some guitar = J'ai joué de la guitare

 

Le prétérit des verbes irréguliers se forme de façon différente. On n'ajoute pas -ED au verbe.

Et pas de change, les verbes irréguliers sont très utilisés. C'est le cas du verbe

to eat = manger

 

Le prétérit du verbe irrégulier to eat ne s'écrira pas eated mais ate.

Exemple de phrase utilisant le prétérit du verbe irrégulier to eat :

  • Hier, j'ai mangé une vache entière = Yesterday, I ate a whole cow


Le participe passé

Comme en Français, on utilise le participe passé avec l’auxiliaire être ou avoir. Son rôle est multiple, il peut être utilisé en tant qu’adjectif ou bien encore pour former des temps composés.

Exemple d'utilisation en tant qu'adjectif :

  • To write -> written note

 

En Anglais le participe passé est utilisé dans les temps composés past perfect » et « present perfect ».

Voici un exemple d'une phrase en Anglais au present perfect utilisant l'auxiliaire être ou avoir avec le verbe irrégulier to eat :

  • I have eaten a whole cow = j'ai mangé une vache entière

 

Et voici un exemple au past perfect :

  • I had gone before he arrived = J’y étais allé avant qu’il n’arrive.

 


Voici une sélection

Anglais ( Infinitif ) Prétérit Participe passé Français ( Infinitif )
awake awoke awoken se réveiller
be was, were been être
bear bore borne / born porter / supporter
beat beat beaten battre
become became become devenir
begin began begun commencer
bend bent bent plier / se courber
bet bet bet parier
bite bit bitten mordre
bleed bled bled saigner
blow blew blown souffler / gonfler
break broke broken casser
bring brought brought apporter
build built built construire
burn burnt / burned burnt / burned brûler
buy bought bought acheter
can could could pouvoir
catch caught caught attraper
choose chose chosen choisir
come came come venir
cost cost cost coûter
cut cut cut couper
do did done faire
draw drew drawn dessiner / tirer
dream dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed rêver
drink drank drunk boire
drive drove driven conduire
eat ate eaten manger
fall fell fallen tomber
feed fed fed nourrir
feel felt felt se sentir / ressentir
fight fought fought se battre
find found found trouver
fly flew flown voler
forbid forbade forbidden interdire
forget forgot forgotten / forgot oublier
forgive forgave forgiven pardonner
freeze froze frozen geler
get got gotten / got obtenir
give gave given donner
go went gone aller
grow grew grown grandir / pousser
hang hung hung tenir / pendre
have had had avoir
hear heard heard entendre
hide hid hidden cacher
hit hit hit taper / appuyer
hold held held tenir
hurt hurt hurt blesser
keep kept kept garder
know knew known connaître / savoir
lead led led mener / guider
learn learnt learnt apprendre
leave left left laisser / quitter / partir
let let let permettre / louer / laisser
lie lay lain s’allonger
light lit / lighted lit / lighted allumer
lose lost lost perdre
make made made fabriquer
mean meant meant signifier
meet met met rencontrer
pay paid paid payer
put put put mettre
quit quit quit quitter
read read read lire
ride rode ridden monter (vélo, cheval)
ring rang rung sonner / téléphoner
rise rose risen lever
run ran run courir
say said said dire
see saw seen voir
seek sought sought chercher
sell sold sold vendre
send sent sent envoyer
set set set fixer
shake shook shaken secouer
shine shone shone briller
shoot shot shot tirer / fusiller
show showed shown montrer
shut shut shut fermer
sing sang sung chanter
sit sat sat s’asseoir
sleep slept slept dormir
smell smelt smelt sentir
speak spoke spoken parler
speed sped sped aller vite
spell spelt spelt épeler / orthographier
spend spent spent dépenser / passer du temps
spit spat / spit spat / spit cracher
split split split fendre
spread spread spread répandre
spring sprang sprung surgir / jaillir / bondir
stand stood stood être debout
steal stole stolen voler / dérober
stick stuck stuck coller
strike struck stricken / struck frapper
swim swam swum nager
swing swung swung se balancer
take took taken prendre
teach taught taught enseigner
tell told told dire / raconter
think thought thought penser
throw threw thrown jeter
understand understood understood comprendre
wake woke woken réveiller
wear wore worn porter (avoir sur soi)
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted mouiller
win won won gagner
wring wrung wrung tordre
write wrote written écrire

Anglais ( Infinitif ) Prétérit Participe passé Français ( Infinitif )
abide abode abode souffrir, suporter
arise arose arisen survenir
awake awoke awoken se réveiller
be was, were been être
bear bore borne / born porter / supporter
beat beat beaten battre
become became become devenir
beget begat / begot begotten engendrer
begin began begun commencer
bend bent bent plier / se courber
bereave bereft / bereaved bereft / bereaved déposséder / priver
bet bet bet parier
bid bid / bade bid / bidden offrir
bite bit bitten mordre
bleed bled bled saigner
blow blew blown souffler / gonfler
break broke broken casser
breed bred bred élever (des animaux)
bring brought brought apporter
broadcast broadcast broadcast diffuser / émettre
build built built construire
burn burnt / burned burnt / burned brûler
burst burst burst éclater
buy bought bought acheter
can could could pouvoir
cast cast cast jeter / distribuer (rôles)
catch caught caught attraper
chide chid chiden gronder
choose chose chosen choisir
cling clung clung s’accrocher
clothe clad / clothed clad / clothed habiller / recouvrir
come came come venir
cost cost cost coûter
creep crept crept ramper
cut cut cut couper
deal dealt dealt distribuer
dig dug dug creuser
dive dived dived / dove plonger
do did done faire
draw drew drawn dessiner / tirer
dream dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed rêver
drink drank drunk boire
drive drove driven conduire
dwell dwelt dwelt / dwelled habiter
eat ate eaten manger
fall fell fallen tomber
feed fed fed nourrir
feel felt felt se sentir / ressentir
fight fought fought se battre
find found found trouver
flee fled fled s’enfuir
fling flung flung lancer
fly flew flown voler
forbid forbade forbidden interdire
forecast forecast forecast prévoir
forget forgot forgotten / forgot oublier
forgive forgave forgiven pardonner
forsake forsook forsaken abandonner
forsee foresaw foresawn prévoir / présentir
freeze froze frozen geler
get got gotten / got obtenir
give gave given donner
go went gone aller
grind ground ground moudre / opprimer
grow grew grown grandir / pousser
hang hung hung tenir / pendre
have had had avoir
hear heard heard entendre
hide hid hidden cacher
hit hit hit taper / appuyer
hold held held tenir
hurt hurt hurt blesser
keep kept kept garder
kneel knelt / knelled knelt / kneeled s’agenouiller
know knew known connaître / savoir
lay laid laid poser
lead led led mener / guider
lean leant / leaned leant / leaned s’incliner / se pencher
leap leapt / leaped leapt / leaped sauter / bondir
learn learnt learnt apprendre
leave left left laisser / quitter / partir
lend lent lent prêter
let let let permettre / louer / laisser
lie lay lain s’allonger
light lit / lighted lit / lighted allumer
lose lost lost perdre
make made made fabriquer
mean meant meant signifier
meet met met rencontrer
mow mowed mowed / mown tondre
offset offset offset compenser
overcome overcame overcome surmonter
partake partook partaken prendre part à
pay paid paid payer
plead pled / pleaded pled / pleaded supplier / plaider
preset preset preset programmer
prove proved proven / proved prouver
put put put mettre
quit quit quit quitter
read read read lire
relay relaid relaid relayer
rend rent rent déchirer
rid rid rid débarrasser
ride rode ridden monter (vélo, cheval)
ring rang rung sonner / téléphoner
rise rose risen lever
run ran run courir
saw saw / sawed sawn / sawed scier
say said said dire
see saw seen voir
seek sought sought chercher
sell sold sold vendre
send sent sent envoyer
set set set fixer
shake shook shaken secouer
shed shed shed répandre / laisser tomber
shine shone shone briller
shoe shod shod chausser
shoot shot shot tirer / fusiller
show showed shown montrer
shut shut shut fermer
sing sang sung chanter
sink sank / sunk sunk / sunken couler
sit sat sat s’asseoir
slay slew slain tuer
sleep slept slept dormir
slide slid slid glisser
slink slunk / slinked slunk / slinked s’en aller furtivement
slit slit slit fendre
smell smelt smelt sentir
sow sowed sown / sowed semer
speak spoke spoken parler
speed sped sped aller vite
spell spelt spelt épeler / orthographier
spend spent spent dépenser / passer du temps
spill spilt / spilled spilt / spilled renverser
spin spun spun tourner / faire tourner
spit spat / spit spat / spit cracher
split split split fendre
spoil spoilt spoilt gâcher / gâter
spread spread spread répandre
spring sprang sprung surgir / jaillir / bondir
stand stood stood être debout
steal stole stolen voler / dérober
stick stuck stuck coller
sting stung stung piquer
stink stank stunk puer
strew strewed strewn / strewed éparpiller
strike struck stricken / struck frapper
strive strove striven s’efforcer
swear swore sworn jurer
sweat sweat / sweated sweat / sweated suer
sweep swept swept balayer
swell swelled swollen / swelled gonfler / enfler
swim swam swum nager
swing swung swung se balancer
take took taken prendre
teach taught taught enseigner
tear tore torn déchirer
tell told told dire / raconter
think thought thought penser
thrive throve / thrived thriven / thrived prospérer
throw threw thrown jeter
thrust thrust thrust enfoncer
tread trod trodden piétiner quelque chose
typeset typeset typeset composer
undergo underwent undergone subir
understand understood understood comprendre
wake woke woken réveiller
wear wore worn porter (avoir sur soi)
weep wept wept pleurer
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted mouiller
win won won gagner
wind wound wound enrouler / remonter
withdraw withdrew withdrawn se retirer
wring wrung wrung tordre
write wrote written écrire

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